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2014年11月 5日 (水)

野菜の学校(2) 宗麟南瓜(そうりんかぼちゃ)

[野菜の学校]の伝統野菜・地方野菜講座、10月は大分の伝統野菜を勉強しました。
「宗麟南瓜」は、ポルトガル船が日本に初めてタネを伝えたというかぼちゃ。ということは日本最古のかぼちゃです。大分では栽培されなくなっていたのですが、講師の奈良絵美さんは、福岡県豊前市で作られていた「三毛門(みけかど)かぼちゃ」を里帰りさせました。これをきっかけに、豊前市との新しい交流が始まったそうです。
▽宗麟南瓜

4

▽三毛門かぼちゃ
02

6_2

▼以下は配付資料から
 
<プロフィール>
  • ウリ科カボチャ属、南米アメリカ原産。カンボジアで産出されていたため、「かぼちゃ」と呼ぶようになった。
  • 日本かぼちゃ(東洋種)、西洋かぼちゃ(西洋種)、ペポかぼちゃの3種類に分けられる。日本かぼちゃはねっとりとして水分が多く、甘みが少ない。西洋かぼちゃは粉質でホクホクとして、甘みも多い。ペポかぼちゃはズッキーニ、そうめんかぼちゃなど個性的なものが多く、味が淡泊なものや、おもちゃかぼちゃなど観賞用のものもある。
 
[宗麟南瓜]
    • 日本へは1541年、ポルトガル船が豊後(ぶんご・現在の大分)に漂着し、藩主であった大友宗麟の許可を得て貿易を始め、その際にかぼちゃを献上したのが日本のかぼちゃの最初といわれる。
    • 豊後地方で栽培されていた種が、現在の福岡県豊前(ぶぜん)市三毛門で(みけかど)に伝わり、栽培されたのが「三毛門かぼちゃ」。三毛門かぼちゃは皮が赤茶けており、重さは3~4kg、日本最古のかぼちゃとして広く知られるようになった。
    • 2002(平成14)年から大分県職員有志らにより、宗麟南瓜を大分県で復活させようという「かぼちゃの里帰り」実行委員会がつくられ、2007(平成19)年、「宗麟南瓜」として里帰りした。
<栄養・機能性>
  • 日本かぼちゃと西洋かぼちゃでは、エネルギー、カロテン、ビタミンCなどに差がある。日本かぼちゃは水分が多いこともあり、全体的には西洋かぼちゃの方が栄養豊富。
  • カロテン、ビタミンC、Eなども多い。カボチャは重量のある野菜のため、一度にとれる量が多く、緑黄色野菜として摂取しやすい。
エネルギー 水分 炭水化物 カロテン ビタミンC 食物繊維
(kcal) g (g) () (mg) g
日本かぼちゃ 49 86.7 10.9 730 16 2.8
西洋かぼちゃ 91 76.2 20.6 4000 43 3.5
 
<基本調理法・料理例>
  • 宗麟南瓜の特徴としては、「外皮が青いうちは粘質だが、粉をふいてオレンジに変わることになると、繊維質で水っぽくなる。実は熟さないほうがおいしい。全般的に甘さは低い。カットするといきなり、細胞から水分がしたたってくる」 とのこと。-by『やまけんの出張食い倒れ日記』
  • 一般に、日本かぼちゃの調理法としては、
  • 煮物、炒め物、揚げ物、蒸し物、スープ、お菓子などに使う。
  • 炒め物にする場合は、火が通りにくいのであらかじめ電子レンジでかために加熱してから炒めると、焦げずに、短時間で炒められる。
  • 日本かぼちゃはだしをきかせた煮物にすると、しっとりとしてさっぱりとした味が楽しめる。
 
▼試食は素揚げ
7
 

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投稿: dpofgxscmp | 2014年11月26日 (水) 19時16分

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